Cesar Chavez: A Great Organizer and Leader Essay -- The United Farm Wo

Labor unions have been instrumental in the lives of workers throughout American history, and have led to important advances in the American workforce. Throughout history there have been patterns of exploitation of immigrant workers by businesses in order to increase profits; the Mexican migrant workers of southern California are the most recent historical group to fall into this pattern of exploitation mostly from their lack of organization. Cesar E. Chavez was a great organizer and leader of the United Farm Workers labor union. Robert Kennedy referred to him as â€Å"one of the heroic figures of our time.† Chavez used his life experiences in order to better the lives of many migrant workers in America. Key points in Chavez’s life that had profound effects on the Mexican American workers include things such as: his first taste of leading political organizations in 1952; the foundation of the United Farm Workers of America in 1962; and the use of nonviolent approaches such as boycotts, strikes, and fasts, as seen in the grape and lettuce strikes. Throughout his career his selfless exploits made him the hero that he is now seen to be. When these key portions of Chavez’s life are examined, it can be seen that he had a very large role in gaining and defending civil rights, wage increases, and worker benefits for migrant farmers (Chavez Foundation). In 1952 Chavez would begin his career as a community leader and political organizer through the Community Service Organization or CSO, which was already established as a prominent Mexican American civil rights organization in southern California. The CSO worked mostly with voter registration and everyday problems that Mexican Americans would encounter, and this served as a valuable learni... ... understood what was right, and he sought to fill the need that had been left by government and the private sector. Works Cited Chavezfoundation. â€Å"Cesar E. Chavez> American Hero.† http://www.chavezfoundation.org/_page.php?code=001001000000000&page_ttl=American+Hero&kind=1. Griswold Del Castillo, Richard, and Richard A. Garcia. Cà ©sar Chavez: A Triumph of Spirit. The Oklahoma western biographies, v. 2. Norman, Okla: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995 Martin, Philip. â€Å"Labor Relations in California Agriculture: 1975-2000†. September 20, 2000. http://migration.ucdavis.edu/cf/more.php?id=44_0_2_0. Moore, Joan W., Cuellar, Alfredo. Mexican America. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc 1970. Tejada-Flores, Rick. â€Å"Fight in the Fields: Cesar Chavez and the Farmworkers’ Struggle†. 2004. http://www.pbs.org/itvs/fightfields/cesarchavez.html.

Health Literacy Essay

I. Background Child health is an essential indicator of the quality of life in developing countries. Mothers’ literacy is often positively associated with improved child health and nutritional status (Glewwe, 1999). The possession of literacy increases the ability of a mother or a family to acquire more knowledge. Improvements in child health are considered as the consequences of enhanced of mother’s knowledge. In short, literacy affects health, and health affects educational achievement (Grosse, 1989). Because the correlation between literacy, health, wealth and well-being is becoming increasingly important, it is crucial to include health literacy as skills required for an adult ‘to function’ in a community (Kickbusch, 2001). Health literacy has been recognized as a key outcome measure of health promotion interventions (Nutbeam, 1996). It can be categorized as basic/functional health literacy, communicative/interactive health literacy and critical literacy. Each level has different ‘autonomy and personal empowerment’. Individual attention is focused on developing the skills and confidence to make choices that enhance individual health outcomes (Nutbeam, 2000). As the highest level, critical literacy ideally will be achieved in which people have this capability to search for information, assess the reliability of that information and use that information to have a better control over their health determinants (Nutbeam and Renkert, 2001). Following this health literacy concept, Nutbeam and Renkert (2001) define mother’s health literacy as ‘the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of women to gain access to, understand and use the information in ways that promote and maintain their health and that of their children’. In terms of literacy, Indonesia has a relatively high of literacy rate of 90% (UNICEF, 2007). However, people with adequate literacy for dealing with  familiar concepts and practices, such as household management can discover a considerable difficulty to understand unfamiliar issues, such as health care information (Kalichman and Rompa, 2000). For mothers, health literacy skills are important factors in predicting child health outcomes. Indonesia as a developing country still faces many child health problems. Infant, neonatal and under-5 mortality rate was relatively high (26, 17 and 34 per 1000 live births, respectively) in 2006. Child immunization coverage is still considerably low with measles coverage of 66. 2%, MCV (80%), DPT (75%) and hepatitis (74%) among one-year-olds (WHO, 2009). Many studies show that low literacy is related with several adverse health outcomes (DeWalt, 2004). One of the ways to improve child health is likely by improving mother’s health literacy. Many recent studies have examined the impact of mother’s health literacy on child health (Sandiford, 1995). However, there are few studies focused on the barriers to mother’s health literacy. This study will investigate barriers are there to improve mother’s health literacy on child health and find solutions might overcome the barriers. II. Objectives 1. To investigate the level of mother’s health literacy in province of Aceh (functional, interactive or critical health literacy of mothers toward child health care, participation in child care programme in villages or sub districts, health seeking behaviours, efforts to gain access to health services). 2. To explore what barriers are there to improve mother’s health literacy on child health 3. To evaluate solutions that might overcome the barriers in order to enhance mother’s health literacy. 4. To create a model of intervention to improve maternal health literacy III. Methodology This research will be conducted in quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative methods will investigate the data about the mothers’ functional, interactive and critical health literacy toward the child health care, the utilisation of primary health care by mothers in terms of health seeking behaviour, child immunization coverage and monitoring of children’s nutritional status. The data will be collected by using structured questionnaires. The functional literacy will use the structured questionnaires of Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) (Baker, 1999) and Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) (Bass, 2003) while the interactive and critical health literacy questionnaires will be designed by modifying the existing researches that study of maternal health literacy. Then, the results will be categorized by scoring into Inadequate, Marginal and Adequate health literacy. Before the questionnaire is used for the investigation, the validity and reliability tests will be performed. In the qualitative stage, I will conduct personal interviews and focus group discussions to find out the barriers and solutions to improve maternal health literacy. Semi-structured personal interviews will be used for mothers and health care staff (physicians, nurses and midwifes) from villages and sub-district health services. Respondents will be interviewed individually and privacy will be maintained during the interview. For focus group discussions, they will be purposively selected to ensure the maximum variation to ensure a diversity of views about barriers to improve mothers’ health literacy within the sample. For each group, initial contact will be made by a gatekeeper such as co-ordinator of village mother’s association, wife of head of village and village midwife. All groups will be facilitated by the researcher, recorded with the participants’ permission and will be fully transcribed. Sampling strategy Participant will be recruited from women who have children (younger or older children) in disparate geographical areas (social/cultural/ethnic mix) to look for contextual difference and from different level of education (no education, basic, advanced and higher education). The sample will be recruited purposively from the population data of department of health in Aceh. Women who are willing to participate, speak either Indonesia or Acehnese, and are articulate will be purposively selected for the qualitative study. For the quantitative study, respondents will be selected using the multi-stage random sampling method. All respondent selected will be assured that participation is voluntary. Data analysis The recorded interviews will be transcribed word for word into the language of the interview (Bahasa Indonesia, but Acehnese will be used as many people in rural areas cannot speak bahasa) and then translated into English. Categories for analysis of data will be identified at the beginning. The transcripts will be analyzed and allocated from each subject to various categories. Data will then be analyzed according to these categories. The quantitative data will be analized using SPSS statistical software version 19. 0 (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, Ill). IV. Significance Indonesia is a developing country with a population of nearly 250 million. Low literacy and high fertility coupled with poor economy translates into high morbidity and mortality. Women and children are the most vulnerable segments in terms of health. It is important to improve maternal health literacy and other factors related to health services in order to increase child health care. It is a multi sector program that involves many stake holders including health department, medical education and community. It is important for medical education institution to educate their graduations of health promotion and health education against the current trend of medical education that is more likely to be a curative and specialist view. V. Others USA is a developed country and well known for its reputable universities especially for public health subjects. Health system in the US is different from Indonesia that will allow me to learn more about health education especially maternal health literacy in the US health system. The project will be conducted in three years. The detail of timeline can be found in the table below. Table 1. The timeline of research No| Years| Year 1| Year 2| | MonthsTasks| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| 11| 12| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| 11| 12| 1| Refine research question| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2| Preparation of proposal| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3| Literature review and process the local and university ethical issues| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4| Produce the questioners | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5| Data collection| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 6| Data analysis| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |. No| Years| Year 3| | MonthsTasks| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| 11| 12| 6| Data analysis (continued)| | | | | | | | | | | | | 8| Writing initial draft| | | | | | | | | | | | | 9| Proof reading | | | | | | | | | | | | | 10| Revision and hand in| | | | | | | | | | | | | References Baker DW, Williams MV, Parker RM, Gazmararian JA, Nurss J. Development of a brief test to measure functional health literacy. Patient Education and Counseling. 1999, 38:33-42. Bass PF, Wilson JF, and Griffith CH. A Shortened Instrument for Literacy Screening. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2003,18:1036-1038. Glewwe. P. Why does mother’s schooling raise child health in developing countries? evidence from Morocco. The Journal of Human Resources. 1999; 34 (1): 124 – 159. Grosse R. N. Literacy and health status in developing counties. Annual Review Public Health. 1989; 34: 281 – 97. Kickbusch I. S. Health literacy: addressing the health and education divide. Health Promotion International. 2001; 16 (3): 289 – 97. Nutbeam D. Achieving ‘best practice’ in health promotion: improving the fit between research and practice. Health Education Research. 1996; 11 (3): 317 – 26. Nutbeam D. Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promotion International. 2000; 15 (3): 259 – 67. Nutbeam D and Renkert S. Opportunities to improve maternal health literacy through antenatal education: an exploratory study. Health Promotion International. 2001; 16 (4): 38 – 88. Kalichman S. C and Rompa D. Functional health literacy is associated with health status and health-related knowledge in people living with HIV-AIDS. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2000; 25: 337 – 44. The World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Statistical Information System (WHOSIS) for Indonesia. 2009. Retrieved on Jan 7, 2009. Available from: http://www. who. int/whosis/data/Search. jsp? indicators=[Indicator]. Members DeWalt D. A et. al. Literacy and health outcomes. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2004; 19: 1228 – 39. Sandiford P, Cassel J, Montenegro M and Sanchez G. The impact of women’s literacy on child health and its interaction with access to health services. Population Investigation Committee. 1995; 49 (1): 5 – 17. Health Canada. Toward a Healthy Future: Second Report on the Health of Canadians. 1999. Retrieved Jan 7, 2009. Available from: http://www. phac-aspc. gc. ca/ph-sp/report-rapport/toward/pdf/toward_a_healthy_english. PDF Provincial health office Aceh province. Health profile of Aceh province in 2007. Banda Aceh-Indonesia. 2007. Rahmad Y. 2008, menurunkan angka kematian ibu dan bayi. The Globe Journal Banda Aceh. 2008. Retrieved Jan 8, 2009. Available from: http://www. theglobejournal. com/detilberita. php? id=1586 Serambi news, Di aceh masih banyak perempuan buta huruf. Serambi Indonesia. 2/12/2008. Retrieved Jan 8, 2009. Available from: http://www. serambinews. com/old/index. php? aksi=bacaberita&beritaid=59771&rubrik=1&topik=13 The United Nation Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Statistics Basic Indicator for Indonesia. 2007. Retrieved on Jan 7, 2009. Available from: http://www. unicef. org/infobycountry/indonesia_statistics. html.

Should Celebrities Put Themselves Into Politics - 1569 Words

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Although celebrities do have the constitutional right to run for office, be elected into office, and give their opinions and endorsements to politicians, they should be carefully considered by electoral colleges, party leaders, and, more importantly, voters as to whether they are qualified to run, have the intent to lead with integrity, and if their political opinions have any merit, based solely on their academic and career background in politics. Celebrities have been in politics for years, butShow MoreRelatedIndia: Truely a Democratic Country862 Words   |  4 Pagesthis definition to be complete, even then this definition has its own contradiction. 1.) Who says these politicians are selected By the people No, they select themselves. In democracy people are the king maker, but now only kings are king maker. Better say it’s all the money game. 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The Affordable Care Act Was Signed Into Law - 1392 Words

Healthcare has been around for many decades. It has always been a problem for many Americans. Whether it be too expensive or individuals do not qualify to be covered under medical insurance. Many Americans have spent years trying to get some type of medical coverage. This can be a frustrating task because it is not easy. In 2010 the Affordable Care Act was signed into law by congress. This law made healthcare affordable and accessible to all Americans. While it is a good attempt at changing previous healthcare rules, many Americans still go uninsured. In this paper I will look at two components the American Nursing Association feel need to be reformed. An area of concern for the ANA is the work place of practicing and future nurses. The†¦show more content†¦The ANA feel by improving patient outcome and job satisfaction it would boost the morale of the nursing environment (Health System Reform Agenda, 2008). The ANA would also like to see more healthcare facilities utilize the Magnet concept. The Magnet program is a program that recognizes healthcare organizations that deliver the best nursing care. They also feel if employers recognized that long work hours and heavy patient load can increase fatigue of the nurse and decrease positive patient outcomes. The ANA support regulation that strive to limit the number of hours a nurse can be forced to work (Health System Reform Agenda, 2008). Another rising issue is the lack of educators in the nursing world. If institutions do not have enough educators to teach incoming nurses how can class sizes increase to fill the current nurse deficit? It all stems from funding. Along with the shortage of educators comes the rising costs of college tuition and students not being able to afford the program. The ANA suggests employers offer scholarship programs and possible paid time off for students attending classes. There is also a nursing shortage in areas that are less desirable to work. The ANA suggests sign on bonu ses and financial help to extend the nurses education to make the less desirable area appear more tempting. I agree with all of the suggestions made by the ANA. When I was in high school and looking at colleges and career

Work For Wildman Wilderness Lodge Ltd, A Small Scale...

1. Introduction The following report presents activities carried out during the first 100 hours of the placement from a total of 300 hours’ full-time internship. The professional practice started from 21 March 2016 and will be finished on 20 May 2016. The purpose of the professional practice is to gain accounting work experience and impart theoretical knowledge in the practical work in a business environment. The first part of the report shows an overview of the placement organization and its placement plan. As my working location is held at Palmerston Work Injury GP Clinic, and most part of the professional practice is doing work for Wildman Wilderness Lodge Ltd, I will present the work done for both of the two organizations.†¦show more content†¦In addition, environmentally friendly practice technology has been used in all aspects of the power, and the treatment of water and sewage to reduce the impact on environment. Palmerston Work Injury GP Clinic is located in the Palmerston Health Precinct, offering a wide range of multidisciplinary, integrated primary care services (Department of Health 2014). Dr. Goodhand is specialising in Work Injury Pre-Employment Medicals. 3. Job Responsibilities âž ¢ Operate computer programmed with accounting software to record and analyse data. âž ¢ Perform general office duties, such as filing, data entry, and handling routine correspondence. âž ¢ Code documents according to company procedures. âž ¢ Match accounting software transactions with creditor payment invoices and bank payment advice, and record the necessary information. âž ¢ Use clinic online system to arrange appointment, update information, invoices and payment from patients. 4. Placement Plan and Targets âž ¢ Through learning accounting software (Xero and MYOB) to learn more knowledge in relation to the working environment and impart the theoretical knowledge to practical work place. âž ¢ Improve communication skills and professional interaction ability with managers, colleagues and clients. âž ¢ Gain a good understanding of customer relationship management. 5. Comments of Professional Practice 5.1 Global Perspectives The global perspective is an understanding of global business and international career

Survey Questionnaire Sample Free Essays

Employability of BSA Graduates of Saint Mary’s College of Catbalogan for the School Year 2009-2010, 2010-2011, and 2011-2012 (A Tracer Study) Survey Questionnaire I. PROFILE 1. Name of Respondents: _______________________________________________ 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Survey Questionnaire Sample or any similar topic only for you Order Now Age: ______________ Sex: __________ Civil Status: ______________________ 3. Address: __________________________________________________________ 4. Year Graduated: _____________________ II. INTERVIEW PROPER 1. Are you employed? ___YES ___NO 2. How many months/ years are you in service? ____________ 3. What is the nature of your work (position) at the present? ________________ 4. What is your status of employment? ____ Regular ____ Casual ____ Contractual Others: _________________ 5. Does your work apply to your course? ____ YES ____ NO 6. Do you enjoy your work status/ position? ____ YES ____ NO 7. Place of work? ___ Catbalogan ____ Tacloban ____ Cebu ____ Manila ____ Outside of the country: Others: ____________________________________ 8. What agency / company’s do you work? ____ Government ____ Private ____ Semi-Government ____ Family Business Others: ________________________________________ 9. What examination have you taken in your employment wither passed or not passed? ____ Civil Service Commission ____ Company Examination ____ CPA Board Exam Others: ________________________________________ 10. To what degree are the knowledge and preparation you obtained in SMCC to prepare you to the nature of work? ____ High ____ Medium ____ Low 11. What is the nearest reason/s why you are unemployed? ____ I don’t feel like working ____ I want to take first and pass the CPA board examination ____ I just can’t find a job that suits my inclination ____ I just got fired from my job ____ I take up another course instead of degree Others: _____________________________________________ How to cite Survey Questionnaire Sample, Papers

Reforms in the Hotel Industry

Question: Discuss about the Report for Reforms in the Hotel Industry. Answer: Introduction The hotel industry in Australia is not only a focal point for the local communities but an important driver of the local, state, and national economy. The over 6,000 Australian hotels employ more than 300,000 people and contribute 11-14 billion annually to the economy (Australian Hotels Association, 2016). In addition to providing employment opportunities, the industry is a major consumer of locally produced goods and a source of support to the local sporting and community organizations (Mitchell, Font and Li, 2014). The industry also offers essential services such as conferencing and entertainment. In definition, a hotel is an establishment that provides catering, lodging, and other services in the lieu of payment. As Australia concentrates more on the service-based economy due to the growth of Asian source markets and globalization, the importance of the hotel industry, will become more prevalent (Australian Hotels Association, 2013). Employment from this sector is expected to rise more than any other sector, growing by more than 17 percent. Over the past, the industry has faced some challenges such as wage issues and lack of information security awareness, which have impeded growth. The hotel industry can grow and make more contribution to the national economy if the right frameworks are put into place (Australian Hotels Association, 2013). The focus of this essay, will, therefore, be on the reforms needed or already done in the hotel industry, with a particular focus on Lux hotel. Reforms Needed in the Hotel Industry The hotel industry needs to adopt technology to streamline their processes. At this age, some hotels are yet to have a website. Given that social media is a popular platform for hotel reviews and check-ins, hotels and restaurants should take the opportunity to share beautiful photos of their facilities and their food on social media (Tatar and Eren-Erdogmus, 2016). Hotels such as Lux should choose a social media platform wisely- based on the target audience- rather than joining all of them. Marketing automation makes it possible for customers to receive personalized emails based on their location and activities. A good example is sending a personalized email on special discounts on the clients birthday. With advanced marketing automation, more sophisticated tasks such as emailing to customers who have been clicking in some regions of the web site can be performed (Leeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ross, 2013). Through marketing automation, the hotel industry can watch and nurture their prospective clients to encourage repeat businesses. The Australian government is making some efforts to reform this industry. A good example is a recent increase in the small business annual entity turnover threshold to $ 10 million from $ 2 million (Hotels welcome small business tax concessions, 2016). Corporate tax is expected to decrease by 1%. Hotels operate in a highly competitive hospitality environment. The lifting of the threshold will enable more hotels to invest and grow. In order to meet customers expectations, hotels need to reinvest and improve their services. The recent developments will not only help them to do so but will assist them to provide more employment opportunities. A recent survey by Tourism Accommodation Australia showed that 96% of the 3.4 and 5- star hotels surveyed offer some form of free Wi-Fi to guests (Australian Hotels Association, 2016). Sixty-five percent of the hotels surveyed do not charge for Wi-Fi access. Thirty-five percent offer it on some conditional basis, while less than 5 percent requires the guests to pay. The provision of fast, efficient, and high-quality internet connection is a big revolution in the hotel industry. With it, guests can answer their emails, update their social media channels, download streams, and hold online conferences. Research shows that some small and medium hotels are in debt, and because of this, some are opting out of business. When in debt, an internal transfer saves the day. In simple terms, an internal transfer is a management-led buyout. The hotels property is sold to the management and to those employees that wish to see the hotel in operation. The model not only helps to revive debt-stricken hotels but permits the transfer of previously state-owned hotels to limited-liability ventures primarily owned by the hotel management and the employees (Patiar, 2016). Under normal circumstances, the general manager holds a significant stake in the newly formed company. Assistant and Department managers also have an interest in stock ownership. Employees can also participate in ownership if they wish. An alternative to management buyout is new investment. If the existing management is flexed on resources to assume ownership through internal transfers, it can seek new partners to invest in the hotel. Ownership, in this case, is determined by the number of shares in the investment. Online bookings are becoming more widespread in the hotel industry. As some hotels become more famous; thanks to the Search Engine Optimization (SEO), more and more hotels are now accepting online bookings (Hospitality, 2015). While some people prefer to make calls, online booking has revolutionized the hotel industry as customers can reserve bookings without being constrained by the hotels working hours or book any other time when calling is not convenient, such as late in the night. Online booking has brought about a new dimension in marketing and customer service. Many industry participants now consider it essential to have an online booking system complete with a well-designed mobile site and a good interface (Hospitality, 2015). A single most important decision for many hotels is whether to develop their customized booking system or use a third party service. While each decision has its advantages and disadvantages, it is advisable to choose depending on individual needs. Through the revolution of Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS), systems are increasingly becoming more sophisticated, allowing hotel industry to provide better customer service and carry out their operations more efficiently. By integrating with inventory management, CRM, and other tools, loyalty programs, information on stock, information on capacity, and more are now more accessible with a touch of a button. Conclusion Though the hotel industry in Australia is a key player in the local and national economy, many problems such as wage issues and debt have significantly affected it. Through reforms such as favorable taxation system, internal transfers, new investments, automation and adoption of new technologies, hotels can streamline their operation and serve their customers better, thereby growing their profits and boosting their contribution to the national economy. References Australian Hotels Association. (2016). Australian hotels embrace connectivity - Australian Hotels Association. [online] Available at: https://aha.org.au/australian-hotels-embrace-connectivity/ [Accessed 9 Aug. 2016]. Australian Hotels Association.(2013). Industry Data - Australian Hotels Association. [online] Available at: https://aha.org.au/industry-data/ [Accessed 6 Aug. 2016]. Hospitality.(2015). 7 technologies that are transforming the hospitality industry. [online] Available at: https://www.hospitalitymagazine.com.au/management/7-technologies-that-are-transforming- the-hospitali [Accessed 6 Aug. 2016]. Hotels welcome small business tax concessions. (2016). 1st ed. [PDF] Brisbane: AHA, p.1. Available at: https://aha.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Press-Release-Hotels-welcome-tax- concessions.pdf [Accessed 9 Aug. 2016]. Leeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ross, D. (2013). Comment: Australia and the small to mediumà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ sized hotel sector. Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, 10(5), pp.177-179. Mitchell, J., Font, X. and Li, S. (2014). What is the impact of hotels on local economic development? Applying value chain analysis to individual businesses. Anatolia, 26(3), pp.347-358. Patiar, A. (2016). Costs allocation practices: Evidence of hotels in Australia. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 26, pp.1-8. Tatar, S. and Eren-Erdogmus, I. (2016). The effect of social media marketing on brand trust and brand loyalty for hotels. Information Technology Tourism.