A Look At Principal Beliefs And Ethical Teachings Religion Essays

A Look At Principal Beliefs And Ethical Teachings Religion Essays A Look At Principal Beliefs And Ethical Teachings Religion Essay A Look At Principal Beliefs And Ethical Teachings Religion Essay Essay Topic: Siddhartha Principal beliefs and ethical instructions are indispensable thoughts and inspirations depicted and conveyed in a peculiar faith. Principal beliefs and ethical instructions define and change the 1 s determination devising and manner of life. Wholly understanding, accepting and following the beliefs and instructions of a peculiar faith would enable an disciple to make the optimum and ideal phase of obeisance and fidelity to one s faith. Buddhism and Judaism are illustrations of some of the universe s most known and followed faiths. They both have their ain Principal Beliefs and Ethical Teachings which in some instances may be conflicting. Both faiths have a big population of followings and disciples and their instructions impact greatly on their twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours picks. Hebraism The chief beliefs and ethical instructions of Judaism play an huge function in the lives of their disciples ; they contribute basically to the manner of life of these persons and change their determination devising accomplishments and life styles. Biding by all the ethical instructions and beliefs of a peculiar faith will necessarily ensue in a significant impact and influence on every facet of one s life. Hebrews believe in the unity of God and that everything revolves about God as he is all knowing and all powerful. He is the Lord the Godhead who formed the whole existence and all things in it ; he is the 1 and merely God and all other Supreme beings are false Gods which means that no other Supreme beings are to be worshiped. As an disciple it is an duty and a responsibility to prosecute with this instruction as it is a beginning of assistance for persons who are seeking a connexion with the one true God and taking to derive penetration on the Judaist manner of life. The God of Judaism demands, that his disciples do good Acts of the Apostless in order to accomplish felicity in the hereafter and those who are unsuccessful in making so will be punished. This learning hence greatly impacts on the determination devising of the followings. It encourages them to lend to good workss and to alter their negative manner of life. In making good workss persons are lead to an ageless life of peace with the one true God as a wages for their unimportance. To arise against God, means declining his goodness and love. When God foremost formed nature including human sort, he made everything basically good. By transgressing and go againsting his good nature, disciples and followings are rejecting God and his instructions. Suffering and hurting are the chief effect of wickedness which is the noncompliance of God. Harmonizing to the Judaic religion, the Sabbath twenty-four hours is the most of import twenty-four hours, as God ordained it a holy twenty-four hours. It is a tradition that this twenty-four hours is devoted for remainder and religious refreshment. This belief and tradition greatly influences disciples and followings, in relation to the battle in any sort of work on that twenty-four hours. This belief impacts vastly on one s agenda, fiscal wellbeing nevertheless it enables them to put their precedences and see what is more of import in life. Another of import Principal Belief is Judgment twenty-four hours which is followed by an hereafter. It is believed that at the terminal of earthly life Judgment twenty-four hours occurs and the universe including its dwellers will be judged by God with righteousness, justness and clemency. It is studied by the Judaic faith that the pure and the bad actions will be tallied consequently, and those who have done good Acts of the Apostless will have felicity in the hereafter, while the evil spell to Gehinnom which is a topographic point full of enduring and anguish. Now that being said agencies that people s actions on Earth greatly impact the manner they will be judged and what sort of hereafter they will be given. In relation to the Core Ethical Teachings, the function of the Hebrew prophesier is to remind disciples on behalf of God to follow all his instructions, their responsibilities and to remind them of the effects if they fail to stay by these Torahs. Death and the psyche is another Belief amongst that adherents must follow and understand. When decease occurs it is studied that the organic structure returns to earth where it came from and the psyche returns to God who gave it to a individual. The organic structure will be resurrected by God and reunited with the psyche for the whole individual to populate once more through the samsara which is the rhythm of birth. Free will is another Principal Belief which has an tremendous impact on the manner of life of disciples. God gave people the echt freedom to make as they wish, nevertheless God knows what people will make before they even attempt to make it. All disciples and followings are regarded to holding a free pick in life, nevertheless as that being said, they are held accountable for their actions and for its effects. One s ability to construe their free will in a positive mode will find pleasant results. However construing free will with negativeness will ensue in harsh and unpleasant results weather it is temporarily on Earth or subsequently on in the hereafter. In relation to the Core Ethical Teachings, all Jews under the spiritual Torahs are obliged to pattern charity. It is studied that particular concern must be shown to the unprivileged, the sick, the widow, the orphan and the alien. As they all relate to each other, disciples must pattern generousness and charity as they can be count ed as positive Acts of the Apostless which so makes enlightenment easier to accomplish. In relation to the Core Ethical Teachings, household life is really of import in the Judaist religion as the kids must honor parents and the function of the parents is to steer their kids to good behaviour. All Principal Beliefs and Ethical Teachings closely interrelate to each other as they both classify and place what a individual must make in order to stay a spiritual individual, who follows Gods instructions in carry throughing his responsibilities towards his faith. Principal Beliefs aid and educate disciples about their faith and its instructions these beliefs besides enable followings to organize a strong and nourished relationship with the one true God. Buddhism: The Buddhist faith was formed in India by a adult male named Siddhartha Gautama who was recognized as the enlightened one. Siddhartha was born around 563 BCE at kapilavastu. He believed and was certain that life meant more than agony and decease and was good satisfied with accomplishing enlightenment. After his enlightenment, he became known as the Buddha sakyamuni. The word Buddha is a word used to depict a individual who has reached enlightenment. Siddhartha Gautama is recognized by his disciples as an awakened instructor who put an terminal to dukkha, achieved enlightenments and escaped the rhythm of agony and metempsychosis. Buddhists believe in a rhythm of birth which means, birth, life, decease and metempsychosis which is besides known as the Samsara. This rhythm is repeated until they reach Nirvana which is enlightenment. In order to make Nirvana disciples must populate consequently to Buddha s instructions. Karma is a major Chief Belief in Buddhism, mentioning to what goes about comes around . One of the Buddha s instructions was chew overing, which believed that disciples will go better people and are able to make enlightenment. This was done by uncluttering any ideas that are irrelevant in life and concentrate merely on the of import things which truly affair. Meditating is another guideline which helps a individual addition that excess cognition that is needed for them to make enlightenment and organize a bonding relationship with the Buddha. The three gems are: the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha. The Buddha was a instructor who showed his manner to deliverance to all his followings. He strongly forbids his disciples from handling him and idolizing him as a God, as he was merely a normal human being who successfully achieved enlightenment. The Dharma is known as the instructions of the Buddha. The Buddha taught that enduring in the universe has a cause and a remedy. It is believed by the Buddhist followings that People suffer due to the ignorance of their true nature, that ignorance causes misconstruing the life experience, and that misinterpretation is the ultimate cause for enduring. Dharma s instructions besides highlight how followings must wake up and detect who they truly are and what they have ever been. The Sangha is fundamentally the cloistered order that the Buddha created and the 1s who follow his Dharma. All three gems chiefly the Buddha play an huge function on his disciple s manner of life, as he strength ens their ideal end which is to make enlightenment. The function of the Dharma which is the instructions of the Buddha, impact how an disciple must move and make in life to be a true truster which to the full understands and comprehends the Buddha s instructions. The last gem is the Sangha ; the Sanghas function in relation to disciples is that being portion of a community allows a individual to understand his values, ends and position on life, which in return enables him to have disciplinary feedback. Besides with The Eightfold way educates and ushers disciples on how to populate life as true trusters and make enlightenment. The first measure is right cognition, this measure addresses where one wants to be inthe aid of the Core Ethical Teachings of the Vinaya s 227 regulations by which monastics, nuns and disciples must populate by. These regulations set out the proper manner for a individual s behaviour and actions. The Markss of being, Dukkha, Anatta and Annica. Dukkha is known as agony and dissatisfaction. Dukkha is experienced by all the Judaist followings as a feeling of unhappiness and unsatisfactory ; the ground for it coming upon people is the fact that disciples have non yet reached the secret plan of life which is enlightenment. The cause of Dukkah is tanha which is desire and cravings. As an adherent their function is to allow travel of greed, choler and ignorance which would enable them to set an terminal to want and by seting an terminal to their desire will salvage them from Dukkha. Anicca means impermanent which is temporarily. It is believed and studied that the universe is temporary because everything is invariably altering. Anatta is the absenteeism of psyche. The Buddha teaches that there is no ageless and ageless psyche reborn after the experimental self-importance dies with the organic structure. The four baronial truths include: Dukkha, Tanha, Nirvana and the Eightfold waies. The first baronial truth is the Dukkha which is known as agony. Dukkha states that enduring is common and is an experience that everyone goes through during their life-time. Tanha is the 2nd baronial truth which is known as the beginning of agony, and enduring occurs because a individual s desires and wants are neer to the full satisfied. The 3rd baronial truth is nirvana, which means that there is an terminal to agony and hurting and this can be done by allowing spells of any desires or cravings. The 4th and most of import truth ushers disciples on how to make enlightenment. All Buddhist followings must follow the Eightfold way as they educate them on how to populate life as a true truster and follower. The four baronial truths educate and Teach disciples that falling into enticements is the taking cause of wickedness and agony. Suffering is bad as it can act upon a individual internally which can dama ge his well being, for this ground they must avoid wickedness and agony by allowing spells of any desires or cravings and merely unrecorded life harmonizing to the Buddha s instructions. life. It is highly of import to hold the right cognition as it can assist a individual range enlightenment more easy. Right aspiration is to cognize that making enlightenment is required in life, for this ground a individual must be affirmatory to everything in life. Right address is a manner to uncover a batch about a individual ; disciples must avoid talking falsely, unkindly or with a negative attitude. Engaging in good behaviour agencies, non perpetrating Acts of the Apostless like killing, stealing and any other harmful behaviors. Right support is the 5th measure. The Buddha provinces and recommends against being involved in harlotry or any Acts of the Apostless of that kind. Having the right attempt can assist many followings be farther involved in their faith and beliefs. Right heedfulness is finishing something in a positive mode without any negative attitudes. Right speculation is the 8th and last measure, this measure frees and purifies a individual s head from all distract ions and by making this, the disciple can organize an ideal relationship with the one Buddha. The Eightfold Path and the Core ethical instructions closely interrelate to each other, as they both contain the basic moralss of Buddhism which were taught by the Buddha. In relation to the Buddha s instructions, all disciples must hold strong religion ; speak nil but the truth, behave in a positive mode and putt attempt in their religious promotion. The five Principles and the Eightfold Path besides relate to each other, as they both set guidelines for developing the correct behavior and to get the better of the influence of the three toxicants of greed, choler and ignorance. The Buddhist moralss and devotional pattern include, abstaining from harming another human being, to abstain from taking what is non freely given, non be involved in any sexual misconduct, to abstain from false address and remain off from alcohols and drugs that can harm the head. In decision, a specific faith s ethical instructions and chief beliefs play a significant function in an disciple s life. They dictate the manner they should populate, act, speak and respond to issues in life. Specific instructions and beliefs disable people from making things that may be seen as a norm in society and may as a consequence cause some kind of societal disaffection, nevertheless true trusters ever sacrifice and offer up their actions on Earth to be able to make an ideal relationship with their God. An disciple is recommended to follow the instructions and beliefs of its faith as it is the lone manner that will vouch him ageless felicity and faith satisfaction.

Biological Evolution and Genetic Variation

Biological Evolution and Genetic Variation Biological evolution is defined as any genetic change in a population that is inherited over several generations. These changes may be small or large, noticeable or not so noticeable.  In order for an event to be considered an instance of evolution, changes have to occur on the genetic level of a population and be passed on from one generation to the next.  This means that the genes, or more specifically, the alleles in the population change and are passed on. These changes are noticed in the phenotypes (expressed physical traits that can be seen) of the population. A change on the genetic level of a population is defined as a small-scale change and is called microevolution.  Biological evolution also includes the idea that all of life is connected and can be traced back to one common ancestor. This is called macroevolution. What Evolution Is Not Biological evolution is not defined as simply change over time.  Many organisms experience changes over time, such as weight loss or gain. These changes are not considered instances of evolution because they are not genetic changes that can be passed on to the next generation. Is Evolution a Theory? Evolution is a scientific theory that was proposed by Charles Darwin. A scientific theory gives explanations and predictions for naturally occurring phenomena based on observations and experimentations. This type of theory attempts to explain how events seen in the natural world work. The definition of a scientific theory differs from the common meaning of theory, which is defined as a guess or a supposition about a particular process. In contrast, a good scientific theory must be testable, falsifiable, and substantiated by factual evidence. When it comes to a scientific theory, there is no absolute proof. Its more a case of confirming the reasonability of accepting a theory as a viable explanation for a particular event. What Is Natural Selection? Natural selection is the process by which biological evolutionary changes take place. Natural selection acts on populations and not individuals. It is based on the following concepts: Individuals in a population have different traits which can be inherited.These individuals produce more young than the environment can support.The individuals in a population that are best suited to their environment will leave more offspring, resulting in a change in the genetic makeup of a population. The genetic variations that arise in a population happen by chance, but the process of natural selection does not. Natural selection is the result of the interactions between genetic variations in a population and the environment. The environment determines which variations are more favorable. Individuals that possess traits that are better suited to their environment will survive to produce more offspring than other individuals. More favorable traits are thereby passed on to the population as a whole. Examples of genetic variation in a population include the modified leaves of carnivorous plants, cheetahs with stripes, snakes that fly, animals that play dead, and animals that resemble leaves. How Does Genetic Variation Occur in a Population? Genetic variation occurs  mainly through DNA mutation, gene flow (movement of genes from one population to another) and sexual reproduction. Due to the fact that environments are unstable, populations that are genetically variable will be able to adapt to changing situations better than those that do not contain genetic variations. Sexual reproduction allows for genetic variations to occur through genetic recombination. Recombination occurs during meiosis and provides a way for producing new combinations of alleles on a single chromosome. Independent assortment during meiosis allows for an indefinite number of combinations of genes. Sexual reproduction makes it possible to assemble favorable gene combinations in a population or to remove unfavorable gene combinations from a population. Populations with more favorable genetic combinations will survive in their environment and reproduce more offspring than those with less favorable genetic combinations. Biological Evolution Versus Creation The theory of evolution has caused controversy from the time of its introduction until today. The controversy stems from the perception that biological evolution is at odds with religion concerning the need for a divine creator. Evolutionists contend that evolution does not address the issue of whether or not God exists, but attempts to explain how natural processes work. In doing so, however, there is no escaping the fact that evolution contradicts certain aspects of some religious beliefs. For example, the evolutionary account for the existence of life and the biblical account of creation are quite different. Evolution suggests that all life is connected and can be traced back to one common ancestor. A literal interpretation of biblical creation suggests that life was created by an all-powerful, supernatural being (God). Still, others have tried to merge these two concepts by contending that evolution does not exclude the possibility of the existence of God, but merely explains the process by which God created life. This view, however, still contradicts a literal interpretation of creation as presented in the bible. In paring down the issue, a major bone of contention between the two views is the concept of macroevolution. For the most part, evolutionists and creationists agree that microevolution does occur and is visible in nature. Macroevolution, however, refers to the process of evolution that takes place on the level of species, in which one species evolves from another species. This is in stark contrast to the biblical view that God was personally involved in the formation and creation of living organisms. For now, the evolution/creation debate continues on and it appears that the differences between these two views are not likely to be settled anytime soon.

Long term effects of bariartic surgery(bypass) Research Proposal

Long term effects of bariartic surgery(bypass) - Research Proposal Example As noted by Walsh (2013) bariatric surgery results in significant weight loss than nonsurgical treatment among patients with diabetes and who are mildly obese. However, evidence for long-term efficacy and safety still remains limited. Although patients with obesity problems loose more weight with bariatric surgery as compared to medical weight-loss treatment, the study is going to examine the long term effects of bariatric surgery since there are many risks and benefits associated with the surgery. There are different types of weight loss surgeries each with its characteristic risks and benefits. Some of the factors that impact on the bariatric surgery in the long term include: eating habits, the body mass index of the patients, previous stomach surgeries, and health conditions linked to obesity. With regard to the effect of bariatric surgery to diabetes, Rao and Subhash (2012) argued that weight loss surgery is currently the most effective diabetes treatment with regard to morbid obesity and want to obtain amelioration of the medical co-morbidities of obesity and sustaining significant weight loss. Severe obesity is chronic condition which is difficult treat with exercise and diet alone. This is where bariatric surgery comes in handy. It involves an operation on the stomach or the intestines that assists patients who extreme obesity for them to loose weight. There are risks and rewards associated with bariatric surgery (Pories, 2008). The surgery works in manner that restricts the intake of food (Jaunoo and Southall, 2010), thus promoting weight loss and reducing the risk of disease such type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular ailments. Other surgeries have been performed in order to interrupt how food is digested, thus preventing some nutrients and calories, such as vitamins from being absorbed. Obesity is a source of distress, which is linked to a negative body image, more intimate and interpersonal problems, and more

The future of computer logic and programming with Python Essay

The future of computer logic and programming with Python - Essay Example At the present, it is being widely used for the development of different application software and programs. In view of the fact that this programming language offers some of the simplest design principles hence it allows programmers to easily develop and interpret their programs. This programming language was created by Guido van Rossum and this development was supported and encouraged by various other programming paradigms such as by ABC, Haskell, Java, LIST programming, Icon and Perl programming languages. Though, python is a smallest programming language framework, however it is a complete, well-developed, multi-platform and high level programming language. The most amazing characteristic that distinguishes python from other programming languages is that it does not require from the programmers to insert or take care of any kind of semicolons and brackets while writing source code. Normally, in python, programs are written using an indentation technique (Bodnar, 2010). At the pres ent, python programming language is available in two versions: 2.x and 3.x. In this scenario, Python version 3.x is an advanced version of python, which has addressed all the regressive compatibility issues that programmers experienced with previous versions. In fact, the basic purpose of developing this version was to address different design defects of this language and improve the capabilities of the language (Bodnar, 2010). At the present, python programming language is available in two versions: 2.x and 3.x.

Cesar Chavez: A Great Organizer and Leader Essay -- The United Farm Wo

Labor unions have been instrumental in the lives of workers throughout American history, and have led to important advances in the American workforce. Throughout history there have been patterns of exploitation of immigrant workers by businesses in order to increase profits; the Mexican migrant workers of southern California are the most recent historical group to fall into this pattern of exploitation mostly from their lack of organization. Cesar E. Chavez was a great organizer and leader of the United Farm Workers labor union. Robert Kennedy referred to him as â€Å"one of the heroic figures of our time.† Chavez used his life experiences in order to better the lives of many migrant workers in America. Key points in Chavez’s life that had profound effects on the Mexican American workers include things such as: his first taste of leading political organizations in 1952; the foundation of the United Farm Workers of America in 1962; and the use of nonviolent approaches such as boycotts, strikes, and fasts, as seen in the grape and lettuce strikes. Throughout his career his selfless exploits made him the hero that he is now seen to be. When these key portions of Chavez’s life are examined, it can be seen that he had a very large role in gaining and defending civil rights, wage increases, and worker benefits for migrant farmers (Chavez Foundation). In 1952 Chavez would begin his career as a community leader and political organizer through the Community Service Organization or CSO, which was already established as a prominent Mexican American civil rights organization in southern California. The CSO worked mostly with voter registration and everyday problems that Mexican Americans would encounter, and this served as a valuable learni... ... understood what was right, and he sought to fill the need that had been left by government and the private sector. Works Cited Chavezfoundation. â€Å"Cesar E. Chavez> American Hero.† http://www.chavezfoundation.org/_page.php?code=001001000000000&page_ttl=American+Hero&kind=1. Griswold Del Castillo, Richard, and Richard A. Garcia. Cà ©sar Chavez: A Triumph of Spirit. The Oklahoma western biographies, v. 2. Norman, Okla: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995 Martin, Philip. â€Å"Labor Relations in California Agriculture: 1975-2000†. September 20, 2000. http://migration.ucdavis.edu/cf/more.php?id=44_0_2_0. Moore, Joan W., Cuellar, Alfredo. Mexican America. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc 1970. Tejada-Flores, Rick. â€Å"Fight in the Fields: Cesar Chavez and the Farmworkers’ Struggle†. 2004. http://www.pbs.org/itvs/fightfields/cesarchavez.html.

Health Literacy Essay

I. Background Child health is an essential indicator of the quality of life in developing countries. Mothers’ literacy is often positively associated with improved child health and nutritional status (Glewwe, 1999). The possession of literacy increases the ability of a mother or a family to acquire more knowledge. Improvements in child health are considered as the consequences of enhanced of mother’s knowledge. In short, literacy affects health, and health affects educational achievement (Grosse, 1989). Because the correlation between literacy, health, wealth and well-being is becoming increasingly important, it is crucial to include health literacy as skills required for an adult ‘to function’ in a community (Kickbusch, 2001). Health literacy has been recognized as a key outcome measure of health promotion interventions (Nutbeam, 1996). It can be categorized as basic/functional health literacy, communicative/interactive health literacy and critical literacy. Each level has different ‘autonomy and personal empowerment’. Individual attention is focused on developing the skills and confidence to make choices that enhance individual health outcomes (Nutbeam, 2000). As the highest level, critical literacy ideally will be achieved in which people have this capability to search for information, assess the reliability of that information and use that information to have a better control over their health determinants (Nutbeam and Renkert, 2001). Following this health literacy concept, Nutbeam and Renkert (2001) define mother’s health literacy as ‘the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of women to gain access to, understand and use the information in ways that promote and maintain their health and that of their children’. In terms of literacy, Indonesia has a relatively high of literacy rate of 90% (UNICEF, 2007). However, people with adequate literacy for dealing with  familiar concepts and practices, such as household management can discover a considerable difficulty to understand unfamiliar issues, such as health care information (Kalichman and Rompa, 2000). For mothers, health literacy skills are important factors in predicting child health outcomes. Indonesia as a developing country still faces many child health problems. Infant, neonatal and under-5 mortality rate was relatively high (26, 17 and 34 per 1000 live births, respectively) in 2006. Child immunization coverage is still considerably low with measles coverage of 66. 2%, MCV (80%), DPT (75%) and hepatitis (74%) among one-year-olds (WHO, 2009). Many studies show that low literacy is related with several adverse health outcomes (DeWalt, 2004). One of the ways to improve child health is likely by improving mother’s health literacy. Many recent studies have examined the impact of mother’s health literacy on child health (Sandiford, 1995). However, there are few studies focused on the barriers to mother’s health literacy. This study will investigate barriers are there to improve mother’s health literacy on child health and find solutions might overcome the barriers. II. Objectives 1. To investigate the level of mother’s health literacy in province of Aceh (functional, interactive or critical health literacy of mothers toward child health care, participation in child care programme in villages or sub districts, health seeking behaviours, efforts to gain access to health services). 2. To explore what barriers are there to improve mother’s health literacy on child health 3. To evaluate solutions that might overcome the barriers in order to enhance mother’s health literacy. 4. To create a model of intervention to improve maternal health literacy III. Methodology This research will be conducted in quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative methods will investigate the data about the mothers’ functional, interactive and critical health literacy toward the child health care, the utilisation of primary health care by mothers in terms of health seeking behaviour, child immunization coverage and monitoring of children’s nutritional status. The data will be collected by using structured questionnaires. The functional literacy will use the structured questionnaires of Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) (Baker, 1999) and Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) (Bass, 2003) while the interactive and critical health literacy questionnaires will be designed by modifying the existing researches that study of maternal health literacy. Then, the results will be categorized by scoring into Inadequate, Marginal and Adequate health literacy. Before the questionnaire is used for the investigation, the validity and reliability tests will be performed. In the qualitative stage, I will conduct personal interviews and focus group discussions to find out the barriers and solutions to improve maternal health literacy. Semi-structured personal interviews will be used for mothers and health care staff (physicians, nurses and midwifes) from villages and sub-district health services. Respondents will be interviewed individually and privacy will be maintained during the interview. For focus group discussions, they will be purposively selected to ensure the maximum variation to ensure a diversity of views about barriers to improve mothers’ health literacy within the sample. For each group, initial contact will be made by a gatekeeper such as co-ordinator of village mother’s association, wife of head of village and village midwife. All groups will be facilitated by the researcher, recorded with the participants’ permission and will be fully transcribed. Sampling strategy Participant will be recruited from women who have children (younger or older children) in disparate geographical areas (social/cultural/ethnic mix) to look for contextual difference and from different level of education (no education, basic, advanced and higher education). The sample will be recruited purposively from the population data of department of health in Aceh. Women who are willing to participate, speak either Indonesia or Acehnese, and are articulate will be purposively selected for the qualitative study. For the quantitative study, respondents will be selected using the multi-stage random sampling method. All respondent selected will be assured that participation is voluntary. Data analysis The recorded interviews will be transcribed word for word into the language of the interview (Bahasa Indonesia, but Acehnese will be used as many people in rural areas cannot speak bahasa) and then translated into English. Categories for analysis of data will be identified at the beginning. The transcripts will be analyzed and allocated from each subject to various categories. Data will then be analyzed according to these categories. The quantitative data will be analized using SPSS statistical software version 19. 0 (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, Ill). IV. Significance Indonesia is a developing country with a population of nearly 250 million. Low literacy and high fertility coupled with poor economy translates into high morbidity and mortality. Women and children are the most vulnerable segments in terms of health. It is important to improve maternal health literacy and other factors related to health services in order to increase child health care. It is a multi sector program that involves many stake holders including health department, medical education and community. It is important for medical education institution to educate their graduations of health promotion and health education against the current trend of medical education that is more likely to be a curative and specialist view. V. Others USA is a developed country and well known for its reputable universities especially for public health subjects. Health system in the US is different from Indonesia that will allow me to learn more about health education especially maternal health literacy in the US health system. The project will be conducted in three years. The detail of timeline can be found in the table below. Table 1. The timeline of research No| Years| Year 1| Year 2| | MonthsTasks| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| 11| 12| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| 11| 12| 1| Refine research question| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2| Preparation of proposal| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3| Literature review and process the local and university ethical issues| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4| Produce the questioners | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5| Data collection| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 6| Data analysis| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |. No| Years| Year 3| | MonthsTasks| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| 11| 12| 6| Data analysis (continued)| | | | | | | | | | | | | 8| Writing initial draft| | | | | | | | | | | | | 9| Proof reading | | | | | | | | | | | | | 10| Revision and hand in| | | | | | | | | | | | | References Baker DW, Williams MV, Parker RM, Gazmararian JA, Nurss J. Development of a brief test to measure functional health literacy. Patient Education and Counseling. 1999, 38:33-42. Bass PF, Wilson JF, and Griffith CH. A Shortened Instrument for Literacy Screening. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2003,18:1036-1038. Glewwe. P. Why does mother’s schooling raise child health in developing countries? evidence from Morocco. The Journal of Human Resources. 1999; 34 (1): 124 – 159. Grosse R. N. Literacy and health status in developing counties. Annual Review Public Health. 1989; 34: 281 – 97. Kickbusch I. S. Health literacy: addressing the health and education divide. Health Promotion International. 2001; 16 (3): 289 – 97. Nutbeam D. Achieving ‘best practice’ in health promotion: improving the fit between research and practice. Health Education Research. 1996; 11 (3): 317 – 26. Nutbeam D. Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promotion International. 2000; 15 (3): 259 – 67. Nutbeam D and Renkert S. Opportunities to improve maternal health literacy through antenatal education: an exploratory study. Health Promotion International. 2001; 16 (4): 38 – 88. Kalichman S. C and Rompa D. Functional health literacy is associated with health status and health-related knowledge in people living with HIV-AIDS. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2000; 25: 337 – 44. The World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Statistical Information System (WHOSIS) for Indonesia. 2009. Retrieved on Jan 7, 2009. Available from: http://www. who. int/whosis/data/Search. jsp? indicators=[Indicator]. Members DeWalt D. A et. al. Literacy and health outcomes. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2004; 19: 1228 – 39. Sandiford P, Cassel J, Montenegro M and Sanchez G. The impact of women’s literacy on child health and its interaction with access to health services. Population Investigation Committee. 1995; 49 (1): 5 – 17. Health Canada. Toward a Healthy Future: Second Report on the Health of Canadians. 1999. Retrieved Jan 7, 2009. Available from: http://www. phac-aspc. gc. ca/ph-sp/report-rapport/toward/pdf/toward_a_healthy_english. PDF Provincial health office Aceh province. Health profile of Aceh province in 2007. Banda Aceh-Indonesia. 2007. Rahmad Y. 2008, menurunkan angka kematian ibu dan bayi. The Globe Journal Banda Aceh. 2008. Retrieved Jan 8, 2009. Available from: http://www. theglobejournal. com/detilberita. php? id=1586 Serambi news, Di aceh masih banyak perempuan buta huruf. Serambi Indonesia. 2/12/2008. Retrieved Jan 8, 2009. Available from: http://www. serambinews. com/old/index. php? aksi=bacaberita&beritaid=59771&rubrik=1&topik=13 The United Nation Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Statistics Basic Indicator for Indonesia. 2007. Retrieved on Jan 7, 2009. Available from: http://www. unicef. org/infobycountry/indonesia_statistics. html.

Should Celebrities Put Themselves Into Politics - 1569 Words

Historically, there have been countless numbers of celebrities that have run for public office. Some, such as Fred Thompson and Ronald Reagan, were favorable by the majority of voters, while others, such as Arnold Schwarzenegger and Donald Trump, tended to be split fifty-fifty or less. The repetition of celebrities running for office poses the same questions every election term: should celebrities put themselves into politics? What implications will this have on the American government, whether national or state level? Some would claim that it is their constitutional right to involve themselves, while others scoff at the mere idea of a celebrity president or senator, claiming that there is no way that someone with such a large fan base is able to run fairly and make decisions for the benefit of their country and not themselves, thus being perfect recipe for a dictatorship-like government. These statements and questions have been posed for decades, nearly every election term. Although celebrities do have the constitutional right to run for office, be elected into office, and give their opinions and endorsements to politicians, they should be carefully considered by electoral colleges, party leaders, and, more importantly, voters as to whether they are qualified to run, have the intent to lead with integrity, and if their political opinions have any merit, based solely on their academic and career background in politics. Celebrities have been in politics for years, butShow MoreRelatedIndia: Truely a Democratic Country862 Words   |  4 Pagesthis definition to be complete, even then this definition has its own contradiction. 1.) Who says these politicians are selected By the people No, they select themselves. In democracy people are the king maker, but now only kings are king maker. Better say it’s all the money game. 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The slogan, the personal is political, implied that private life was often the site, if not the cause, of womens oppression. In 1974, some of the authors of Woman, Culture and Society (Lamphere and Rosaldo 1974), one of the founding texts of academic feminism, asserted that the universal cause of womens oppression lay in their confinement to